Informatics Publishing Limited

Mythri ¹, S. Pradeep ², S. V. Hugar ³

Affiliations
1 Raitha Samparka Kendra, Annigeri, Dharwad (karnataka), IN
2 University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga (karnataka), IN
3 Agri-business and Export Knowledge Centre, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (karnataka), IN

Abstract

Experiments were conducted on the biology, feeding potential and standardization of the mass production of Dipha aphidivora Meyrick predator on sugarcane woolly aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner during 2005-2007, at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Honnavile, Shimoga (district), Karnataka, India. The duration of the first instar was 2.5 to 3.5 days (average 2.95+0.90 days). The average duration of second, third, fourth and fifth instar, pupal period, adult female and male moth lasted for 4.57+1.33, 8.30+1.11, 11.37+2.96 and 6.10+0.77 days, 8.50+2.15 days, 4.5+0.50 days, 1.5±0.30 days, respectively and the total larval period lasted for 24.5 to 39.5 days. The daily consumption rate by D. aphidivora was 30.8 aphids per day. D. aphidivora or aphid multiplied faster on 7-month-old crop than 5, 6 and 8 month old crop. At the rate of 50 number of D. aphidivora pupae release, highest populations of 4230 per shade net D. aphidivora were harvested. Highest populations of D. aphidivora were harvested when the shade nets were irrigated once in two days with the population of 4123 D. aphidivora per shade net than irrigated once in week with the population of 1490 D. aphidivora per shade net. During the experiment, average temperature was 280C and relative humidity was 78 per cent.

Keywords

Ceratovacuna Laniger, Dipha Aphidivora, Biology, Mass Production, Feeding Potential

Full Text

     

R. Ganesan ¹, S. Pradeep ¹, R. Sinthuja ¹, T. Vithya ¹

Affiliations
1 Bharathiyar College of Engineering & Technology, Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry, IN

Abstract

Existing traffic control system is using sensors. As the sensor which collects traffic flow information, mainly Ultrasonic Vehicle Detector has been used. This detector detects vehicle presence by the time difference of the reflection of ultrasonic wave fired from above the road surface to just under it. But especially queue and delay length are measured indirectly by the number of passed vehicles in a unit time. So a sensor which can collect more precise traffic flow information is needed. Also each Ultrasonic Vehicle Detector has to be installed above the road surface per a measurement lane and so there is a fear of spoiling the beauty of the city. On the other hand, the Digital Image processes an image received from the CCTV camera installed aside and above the approach lane at the traffic signal intersection. In this, queue length will be detected. To detect and measure queue parameters, two different algorithms have been used. The first algorithm is motion detection and the second is a vehicle detection operation. In this process, we detect moving vehicle grouping and delay vehicle grouping from the results of Image Preprocess, and calculate the delay range. Also, we make a stable output which is strong in the noise by smoothing the calculated delay range by referring to the output at the time of back and forth. After the queue length detection, depend upon the vehicles in four sides the preference will give to the vehicles. This saves the time and reduces the error in the existing system.

Keywords

Ultrasonic Vehicle Detector, Motion Detection, Vehicle Detection, Queue Length Parameters.

Full Text

     

A. Meena Kowshalya ¹, S. Pradeep ¹, V. Gautham ¹, Jarin Manuwel Mathew ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, Amrita School of Engineering, IN

Abstract

Recently, retrieving multimedia content has become an important research area. Content based retrieval in multimedia is a research problem since multimedia data needs detailed interpretation from pixel values. Information Retrieval (IR) can be defined as the activity of providing the user with his/her information need. Sometimes it is not possible to retrieve to the user the exact information they have in mind. The basic idea of relevance feedback is to shift the burden of finding the "Right query formulation" from the user to the system. To enable this feature, the user provides the system with Relevance Feedback. This user feedback typically takes the form of relevance judgments expressed over the resulting set. The "feedback loop" can then be iterated multiple times, until the user gets satisfied with the results. In this paper, techniques to improve relevance feedback in content based searches are discussed and our paper shows how relevance improves precision and recall.

Keywords

Relevance Feedback, Precision, Recall, Dispersion, Threshold, F1 Score, Inverted Index, Jdbc-Odbc, Gython, Guess.

Full Text

     

R. Ranjith Kumar ¹, B. Saranraj ¹, S. Pradeep ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P.A. College of Engineering and Technology, IN

Abstract

This paper presents a bit level pixel by pixel chaotic image encryption scheme with a permutation-diffusion structure. In this scheme, a Neural Network Like Structure (NNLS) is proposed to do the diffusion efficiently. The plain image, split into 16 blocks is permuted by the keys from the key generator. Each key will produce different permutation order (PO) generated using a chaotic map. After permutation, the pixels of the permuted image is converted into bits and given to the proposed NNLS, where the diffusion takes place. The bit by bit diffusion performed by NNLS on the pixels will give more randomness to the cipher image. The performance of the NNLS is contingent upon sensitivity of the keys from the key generator. The test results and analyses performed using several security standards shows that the proposed scheme is more secure, reliable and can be used for real time image encryption.

Keywords

One Round Encryption, Permutation, Diffusion, NPCR, UACI, NIST.

Full Text

     

S. Pradeep , R. Navaneethakrishnan , K. Kalianapragash

Abstract

Basically, IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol was not designed for multi-hop networks. Although it can support some ad hoc network architecture, it is not intended to support the wireless mobile ad hoc network, in which multi-hop connectivity is one of the most prominent features. Spectrum sharing is a crucial issue to the overall throughput performance of multi-hop wireless networks. It is observed that for multihop wireless networks, it is hard to resolve the scheduling conflict, and most distributed algorithms consider the neighbors' traffic independent of each other and ignore the multi-hop nature of flows, leading to the spectrum wastage and inefficiency. By incorporating the multi-hop nature of flows, here proposing a new distributed scheme based on IEEE 802.11 standard, namely "Multi-hop MAC with explicit pacing mechanism" with better pipeline efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the original 802.11 MAC.

Keywords

Multi-hop, MAC, IEEE 802.11, Spectrum Allocation, RTS/CTS

Full Text

   

Mythri ¹, S. V. Hugar ², S. Pradeep ³

Affiliations
1 Raitha Samparka Kendra, Annigeri, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
2 Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
3 University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Investigation on the seasonal incidences of Dipha aphidivora Meyrick (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) and its natural enemies from June 2005 to May 2006 undertaken at Agricultural Research Station, Honnavile, Bhadravathi and Shimoga district revealed an incidence ranging from 1.6 to 7.2 larvae per plant recorded at Shimoga district (Location I, Shettihalli), 1.1 to 7.9 larvae per plant at Shimoga district (Location II, Honnavile), 0.7 to 6.9 larvae per plant at Bhadravathi taluk (Location III, Barandur) and 1.2 to 6.5 larvae per plant at Bhadravathi taluk (Location IV, Tadsa). The highest incidence of 7.2, 7.9, 6.5 larvae per plant was observed during October month at Shimoga district, (Location I, Shettihalli), (location II, Honnavile) and Bhadravathi taluka (Location IV, Tadsa) and 6.5 larvae per plant was observed during September month at Bhadravathi taluk (Location III, Barandur). The lowest population of 1.6 and 1.1 larvae per plant was recorded during July month at location I, II, 0.7, and 1.2 larvae per plant was recorded at location III and location IV. The D. aphidivora population had two peaks in a year one at October and another at January. The correlation between the D. aphidivora population and weather parameters revealed that the incidence of D. aphidivora was negatively correlated with minimum temperature, maximum temperature and rainfall and positively correlated with relative humidity in all the four locations. The correlation between D. aphidivora population and SWA population showed significant positive correlation at location I, location III and location IV and non-significant negative correlation at location II. The natural enemies recorded on D. aphidivora were the field lizards and an unidentified bird, which devoured D. aphidivora. No parasites were recorded on D. aphidivora.

Keywords

Seasonal Incidences, Dipha aphidivora, SWA, Sugarcane, Weather.

Full Text

     

K. Ribana ¹, S. Pradeep ¹, B. Nandhini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur – 639113,Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To design the hardware architecture for contrast enhancement applications. Methods / Statistical Analysis: Image improvement is the technique utilized to make strides the visible illustration of an image. Histogram equalization is one of the most vital techniques of image improvement. Findings: The fundamental idea of histogram equalization is to re-map the gray degrees of the image. Indeed in spite of the fact that these approaches may improve the differentiate of a picture in a successful and proficient way, they ordinarily have a few downsides, like misfortune in data, commotion enhancement and over enhancement. In this extend a modern strategy which performs differentiate improvement may named as adjusted color protecting versatile gamma adjustment. The upgrade is gotten by a combination of altered histogram and its versatile gamma adjustment. Applications / Imporovement:The proposed strategy is analyzed for many differentiate test pictures. It works better than existing. In addition to that the VLSI architecture of the algorithm is developed for size 2×2 image using ALTERA QUARTUS II. The same architecture can be extended to entire image.

Keywords

Altera Quartus II, Minimum Mean Brightness Error , Over Enhancement

Full Text

   

S. Pradeep ¹, B. Nandhini ¹, K. Ribana ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur – 639113, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The decoder dynamic power consumption has to be reduced. Delay in decoding must be reduced with lesser area. Better area consumption is one main objective of the Hi ECC technique. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Logarithmic delicate choice translating of Reed-Solomon codes can significant coding pick up with polynomial multifaceted nature. Especially, the low intricacies pursue (LCC) ASD interpreting has better execution many-sided quality exchange off. The test vectors should be added over and a polynomial determination conspire should be utilized to choose one introduction yield to send rest deciphering steps. Findings: In this technique RS codes are utilized for simplification. So improvements are proposed for a low many-sided quality polynomial determination plot. At that point introduction plot is produced to make disentangled polynomial determination by just chose vectors are interjected over. Two introductions can be brought together in single emphasis. To lessen dormancy parallel interpolator is utilized to get various yields and enhance speed. Application/Improvements: Data rate is reduced from 12Mbps to 1.1 Mbps. Encoder needs less computation time than decoder. Less computation time of decoder has to be considered for the improvement.

Keywords

Decoding, High Speed, Interpolation, Low Complexity, RS Coder, LCC Decoding

Full Text

   

B. Nandhini ¹, K. Ribana ¹, S. Pradeep ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur – 639113, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To propose an algorithm for Medical image retrieval better. Methods/Statistical analysis: The proposed image retrieval system incorporates with methods like discrete wavelet transform, information gain and the convolutional neural network for classification. Findings: We propose an algorithm of image retrieval that implements the feature extraction with 2D-Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), information gain for feature reduction and convolutional neural network for classification. The feature extraction involves the extraction of features from medical image using DWT. The Feature reduction was carried out by information gain. The image is classified by using classifiers such as convolutional neural network, traditional SVM classifier and KNN classifier. Application/Improvements: The classifier result provides the similar images in the database. The classification accuracy of convolutional neural network is 91.25% outperforms the traditional SVM classifier and KNN classifier. The image retrieved on high accuracy classifier provides exact match of query medical image for the diagnosis and treatment schedule.

Keywords

Convolutional Neural Network, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Information Gain, KNN Classifier, Medical Image Retrieval

Full Text

   

S. N. Remya ¹, Anil V. Kulkarni ¹, S. Pradeep ¹, D. G. Shrestha ²

Affiliations
1 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology and Climate Change, Development Area, Gangtok 737 101, IN

Abstract

Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a hazard commonly reported in the glaciated terrain of the Himalaya. Glacier lakes can form if the glaciers retreat and the bottom topography overdeepens. We have adopted a technique to estimate the depth and volume of lakes using parameters such as glacier surface velocity, slope and laminar flow of ice. The technique has been automated using Python programming language. The method was applied in the Sikkim Himalaya to map potential lake sites and also to predict further expansion of existing glacier lakes. Studies were carried out for ten glaciers in the Tista river basin. The analysis suggests nine potential lake sites, including further expansion of four existing glacier lakes. To validate the results, the model lake boundary in 2001 was compared with the satellite-observed value of 2015 and field measurements made at the South Lhonak lake. The volume of the South Lhonak lake (in 2015) was estimated as 60 ± 10.8 million m³; with prolonged retreat of the glacier, the lake is likely to expand to a maximum volume of 90 ± 16.2 million m³. The above technique can provide new information to planners, leading to a more realistic approach in understanding the disaster potential of glacier lakes.

Keywords

Glacier Lakes, Depth and Volume Estimation, Remote Sensing, Disaster Potential, Over Deepening.

Full Text

   

Veena Prasad ¹, Anil V. Kulkarni ¹, S. Pradeep ¹, S. Pratibha ¹, Sayli A. Tawde ², Tejal Shirsat ¹, A. R. Arya ¹, Andrew Orr ³, Daniel Bannister ³

Affiliations
1 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, IN
2 Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, GB

Abstract

Glaciers in the Satluj river basin are likely to lose 53% and 81% of area by the end of the century, if climate change followed RCP 8.5 scenario of CNRMCM5 and GFDL-CM3 models respectively. The large variability in area loss can be due to difference in temperature and precipitation projections. Presently, Satluj basin has approximately 2000 glaciers, 1426 sq. km glacier area and 62.3 Gt glacier stored water. The current mean specific mass balance is –0.40 m.w.e. a^–1. This will change to –0.42 and – 1.1 m.w.e. a^–1 by 2090, if climate data of CNRM-CM5 and GFDL-CM3 are used respectively. We have used an extreme scenario of GFDL-CM3 model to assess the changes in the contribution of glacier melt to the Bhakra reservoir. Mass balance model suggests that glaciers are contributing 2 km³ a^–1 out of 14 km³ of water. This will increase to 2.2 km³ a^–1 by 2050, and then reduce to 1.5 km³ a^–1 by the end of the century. In addition, loss in glacier area by the end of century, will also increase the vulnerability of mountain communities, suggesting need for better adaptation and water management practices.

Keywords

Climate Change, Glacier, Glacier Melt Runoff, Himalaya, Mass Balance, Satluj Basin, Water Availability.

Full Text

   

S. Pradeep ¹

Affiliations
1 Additional Professor, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal - 576104, IN

Abstract

Laser is an acronym, which stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Several decades ago, the laser was a death ray, the ultimate weapon of destruction, something you would only find in a science fiction story. Then lasers were developed and actually used, among other places, in light shows. The beam sparkled, it showed pure, vibrant and intense colors. Today the laser is used in the scanners at the grocery store, in compact disc players, and as a pointer for lecturer and above all in medical and dental field. The image of the laser has changed significantly over the past several years. With dentistry in the high tech era, we are fortunate to have many technological innovations to enhance treatment, including intraoral video cameras, CAD-CAM units, RVGs and air-abrasive units. However, no instrument is more representative of the term high-tech than, the laser. Dental procedures performed today with the laser are so effective that they should set a new standard of care. The scientific method and artistic details prescribed for reconstructive dentistry are well has been documented. The current use of lasers in reconstructive dentistry encompasses a wide variety of soft tissue procedures. The future may hold promise for hard tissue laser use in crown preparation, bone recontouring, and implant placement.

Keywords

Laser Beam, High Tech Era, Prosthodontics, Technology.

Full Text

     

S. Pradeep ¹

Affiliations
1 Additional Professor, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, IN

Abstract

Patients looking for a comfortable alternative to traditional dentures could be interested in Flexible dentures, using advanced technology to fit around the shape of teeth and gums upon insertion, the flexible denture can be used when there is not enough bone for fitting dental implants to replace missing teeth. The flexible denture works by flexing into position, not needing the use of metal clasping mechanisms to hold the dentures in place. Individuals with irregularities in the shape of their mouth could benefit greatly from the treatment and experience a growth to their self-confidence.

Keywords

Removable Partial Denture, Flexible Denture, Undercuts.

Full Text

     

S. Pradeep ¹, S. Palanivel Rajan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Ultrasound is the best imaging techniques for detection of abnormalities in the human body. Ultrasound is a medical imaging technique in which a transducer transmits and receives the ultrasound waves to and from the organs of the human body. Ultrasound waves are high-frequency wave ranges from 20 KHz to Giga Hertz. Ultrasound methods are non-invasive, pain-free and patient-friendly techniques. Detection of abnormalities using Ultrasound helps doctors to treat the patient. Abnormalities in liver, Breast, Kidney, Uterus, Heart, Liver, Nerves, Prostate found out using ultrasound techniques has a list of unidentifiable problems in Medical Images in traditional methods. Deep learning plays a vital role in the modern era for much problem identification in medical imaging and other domain.

Keywords

Classification, Convolutional Neural Network, Linear Regression, Medical Imaging, Random Forest.

Full Text